跨国多元化的绩效研究：回顾与展望

近年来我国企业的跨国多元化经营发展迅速,然而国内有关跨国多元化的绩效研究较为少见。本文通过对相关研究成果进行回顾,归纳出跨国多元化变量的计量特点和其与公司绩效的关系模型种类,并对未来研究方向进行展望,为我国学者在未来跨国多元化的研究中提供了参考和借鉴。     

Value Relevance of Fair Values—Empirical Evidence of the Impact of Market Volatility

This study examines empirically the effects of market volatility on the value relevance of fair values. Using the modified Ohlson model ( 1995 ) and a sample of U.S. financial companies for the period of 2008 to 2013, this study shows that fair values are priced at a significant discount when market volatility is high. Song ( 2013 ) shows analytically that the effectiveness of fair value accounting is negatively affected by market volatility. Findings of the current study suggest that investors understand the effects of market volatility on fair values and price them accordingly. The study extends the research on the determinants of the usefulness of fair values by looking beyond factors associated with the reliability of estimated fair values (Level 2 and Level 3 fair values). This study has practical implications: current accounting standards for fair value measurement acknowledge the limitations of the market as a source of fair values by offering a three‐level fair value hierarchy with provisions for fair values to deviate from market prices. Findings of this study shed light on a previously little studied factor, that is, market volatility, on the usefulness of fair values.     

对外直接投资与价值链参与：分工地位与升级模式

对外直接投资和全球价值链是学术研究的前沿问题。本文运用对外直接投资和世界投入产出表等数据深入分析对外直接投资的“价值链升级效应”,结果显示：首先,对外直接投资能够显著提高企业在全球价值链体系中的“分工地位”,促进企业产品升级和功能升级;其次,多分支机构和研发加工型对外直接投资更有利于企业价值链升级,投资于发达国家有利于企业产品升级,而投资于发展中国家更有利于企业功能升级。     

项目进度绩效指标的改进及其动态性预测

传统的挣值方法中,进度指标的预测多表现单期、静态的特性,存在严重的局限性。为了改进和完善挣值管理方法中进度指标体系,在考虑时间序列的基础上,将统计方法引入挣值管理进度指标体系中,用更加科学的方法对项目进度指标进行描述,并在此基础上基于贝叶斯推断方法,加入专家意见,从统计学的角度提出了进度绩效指数的动态预测模型,因而,可以为项目管理者提供科学的据侧依据。     

Accounting data and the credit spread: An empirical investigation

Measures of credit risk based on Merton (1974) rely upon information available in the market prices of securities. Under the Efficient Market Hypothesis market prices should reflect all available information and, hence, make redundant all other information in the analysis of credit risk. This paper examines whether accounting data are fully reflected in the market-based measures of credit risk and therefore has no role in explaining variations in the credit spread on corporate bonds. We use a sample consisting of over 11,000 firm-quarter observations with matched equity, bond and accounting data. The results suggest that equity volatility and Merton's distance-to-default outperform accounting variables in explaining variations in the credit spread. However, accounting variables are incrementally informative in explaining variations in the credit spread when considered in conjunction with market-based measures. Within the set of accounting variables considered, we find that the profitability ratio is by far the most incrementally informative accounting variable.     

全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力影响因素研究——基于文献分析视角

中小企业如何跨越全球价值链"低端锁定"是一个极富挑战性的课题,通过对国内外全球价值链下企业技术创新能力研究的梳理,一方面界定了全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力的概念,探讨了全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力生成与提高机理;另一方面,系统地总结了全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力影响因素,并就全球价值链治理模式、企业战略、市场创新等因素对企业技术创新能力的影响进行了分析。     

韩国在华企业国际化经营中人力资源管理的实证分析

企业国际化经营中的人力资源管理问题一直是业界管理者讨论的一个热点问题,也是学术界研究的重要课题。跨国公司能否成功地对当地员工进行管理,对其经营成果有着重要的影响。本文以韩国企业在华开展国际化经营中的人力资源管理方面遇到的问题为引子,采用了问卷调查与实际考察相结合的方法,建立了研究模型,提出并验证了假设,最后在理论与实践相结合的基础上揭示了中国员工的劳动价值观及其本质,向在华韩国企业提出了制定和推行有效人力资源管理方案的科学依据及进行跨文化管理的方法。     

论微观经济基础下增值税转型的理想选择

本文从微观经济角度研究理想状态下企业对不同类型增值税的选择.研究表明,理想状态下,收入型与消费型增值税对企业利润的影响无差异且优于生产型增值税;而不同类型增值税对企业净现金流的影响优化排序是消费型、收入型、生产型,且生产型增值税的价外计税方法优于价内计税方法.总之,消费型增值税是企业的理想选择.     

我国制造业中小企业在跨国公司全球产业链中的价值定位

国际生产体制已进入网络化发展的新阶段,全球制造业正面临着产业链的重构,跨国公司将逐步把我国纳入其全球战略体系,实现全球一体化的生产、销售和研发。我国企业面临的国内国际竞争越来越激烈。对于我国制造业中小企业而言,当务之急是以跨国公司对华投资战略调整为契机,基于全球生产网络进行科学合理的价值定位,然后通过配套生产、OEM、合同制造、战略联盟等方式进入跨国公司全球产业链,向“小而精”、“专而强”方向发展。同时要适度进行产业链节点的横向扩张和纵向延伸,从而实现产业链升级。     

Making effective pricing decisions

Pricing is one of the most complex decisions facing any company. Along with a lack of academic interest (especially among marketing academics) in the field of pricing, this complexity has contributed to the dominance of simplified, cost-based formulas when levying prices. This article offers an alternative approach based on the concept of contribution margin and the need to take into consideration only those costs that are related directly to a specific pricing decision, an approach that is especially useful when a company decides to change its prices. Moreover, an empirical study regarding the practical use of this approach is also presented.